Epistle II: To a Lady

Of the Characters of Women (1735)

By Alexander Pope

Edited by Jack Lynch

Nothing so true as what you once let fall,
“Most Women have no Characters at all.”
Matter too soft a lasting mark to bear,
And best distinguish’d by black, brown, or fair.
 
5 How many pictures of one Nymph we view,
All how unlike each other, all how true!
Arcadia’s Countess, here, in ermin’d° pride, in expensive nobles’ furs
Is, there, Pastora by a fountain side.
Here Fannia, leering on her own good man,
10 And there, a naked Leda with a Swan.
Let then the Fair one beautifully cry,
In Magdalen’s loose hair and lifted eye,
Or drest in smiles of sweet Cecilia shine,
With simpering Angels, Palms, and Harps divine;
15 Whether the Charmer sinner it, or saint it,
If Folly grow romantic, I must paint it.
 
Come then, the colours and the ground prepare!
Dip in the Rainbow, trick her off in Air;
Choose a firm Cloud, before it fall, and in it
20 Catch, ere she change, the Cynthia of this minute.
 
Rufa, whose eye quick-glancing o’er the Park,
Attracts each light gay° meteor of a Spark,° carefree — attractive man
Agrees as ill with Rufa studying Locke,° a philosopher
As Sappho’s diamonds with her dirty smock;
25 Or Sappho at her toilet’s° greasy task, dressing table
With Sappho fragrant at an evening Masque:
So morning Insects that in muck begun,
Shine, buzz, and flyblow° in the setting sun. lay eggs
 
How soft is Silia! fearful to offend;
30 The Frail one’s advocate, the Weak one’s friend:
To her, Calista prov’d her conduct nice;
And good Simplicius asks of her advice.
Sudden, she storms! she raves! You tip the wink,
But spare your censure;° Silia does not drink. criticism
35 All eyes may see from what the change arose,
All eyes may see—a Pimple on her nose.
 
Papillia, wedded to her amorous° spark,° loving — young man
Sighs for the shades—“How charming is a Park!”
A Park is purchas’d, but the Fair he sees
40 All bath’d in tears — “Oh odious,° odious Trees!” hateful
 
Ladies, like variegated° Tulips, show; multi-colored
’Tis to their Changes half their charms we owe;
Fine by defect, and delicately weak,
Their happy Spots the nice admirer take,
45 ’Twas thus Calypso once each heart alarm’d,
Aw’d without Virtue, without Beauty charmed;
Her tongue bewitch’d as oddly as her Eyes,
Less Wit than Mimic, more a Wit than wise;
Strange graces still, and stranger flights she had,
50 Was just not ugly, and was just not mad;
Yet ne’er so sure our passion to create,
As when she touch’d the brink of all we hate.
 
Narcissa’s nature, tolerably mild,
To make a wash, would hardly stew a child;
55 Has ev’n been prov’d to grant a Lover’s pray’r,
And paid a Tradesman once to make him stare;
Gave alms° at Easter, in a Christian trim, charity
And made a Widow happy, for a whim.
Why then declare Good-nature is her scorn,
60 When ’tis by that alone she can be borne?
Why pique all mortals, yet affect° a name? put on
A fool to Pleasure, yet a slave to Fame:
Now deep in Taylor and the Book of Martyrs,
Now drinking citron with his Grace and Chartres:
65 Now Conscience chills her, and now Passion burns;
And Atheism and Religion take their turns;
A very Heathen in the carnal part,
Yet still a sad, good Christian at her heart.
 
See Sin in State, majestically drunk;
70 Proud as a Peeress, prouder as a Punk;° prostitute
Chaste to her Husband, frank to all beside,
A teeming° Mistress, but a barren Bride. fertile
What then? let Blood and Body bear the fault,
Her Head’s untouch’d, that noble Seat of Thought:
75 Such this day’s doctrine—in another fit
She sins with Poets thro’ pure Love of Wit.
What has not fir’d her bosom or her brain?
Caesar and Tallboy, Charles and Charlemagne.
As Helluo, late Dictator of the Feast,
80 The Nose of Hautgout, and the Tip of Taste,
Critick’d your wine, and analyz’d your meat,
Yet on plain Pudding deign’d at home to eat;
So Philomede, lecturing all mankind
On the soft Passion, and the Taste refin’d,
85 Th’ Address, the Delicacy—stoops at once,
And makes her hearty meal upon a Dunce.
 
Flavia’s a Wit, has too much sense to Pray;
To Toast our wants and wishes, is her way;
Nor asks of God, but of her Stars, to give
90 The mighty blessing, “while we live, to live.”
Then all for Death, that Opiate of the soul!
Lucretia’s dagger, Rosamonda’s bowl.
Say, what can cause such impotence of mind?
A spark° too fickle, or a Spouse too kind. man
95 Wise Wretch! with Pleasures too refin’d to please;
With too much Spirit to be e’er at ease;
With too much Quickness ever to be taught;
With too much Thinking to have common Thought:
You purchase Pain with all that Joy can give,
100 And die of nothing but a Rage to live.
 
Turn then from Wits;° and look on Simo’s Mate, clever people
No Ass so meek, no Ass so obstinate.
Or her, that owns her Faults, but never mends,
Because she’s honest, and the best of Friends.
105 Or her, whose life the Church and Scandal share,
For ever in a Passion, or a Pray’r.
Or her, who laughs at Hell, but (like her Grace)° term for a duchess
Cries, “Ah! how charming, if there’s no such place!”
Or who in sweet vicissitude° appears changeability
110 Of Mirth and Opium, Ratafie and Tears,
The daily Anodyne,° and nightly Draught,° painkiller — drink
To kill those foes to Fair ones, Time and Thought.
Woman and Fool are two hard things to hit;
For true No-meaning puzzles more than Wit.
 
115 But what are these to great Atossa’s mind?
Scarce once herself, by turns all Womankind!
Who, with herself, or others, from her birth
Finds all her life one warfare upon earth:
Shines, in exposing Knaves, and painting Fools,
120 Yet is, whate’er she hates and ridicules.
No Thought advances, but her Eddy Brain
Whisks it about, and down it goes again.
Full sixty years the World has been her Trade,
The wisest Fool much Time has ever made.
125 From loveless youth to unrespected age,
No passion gratify’d except her Rage.
So much the Fury still outran the Wit,
The Pleasure miss’d her, and the Scandal hit.
Who breaks with her, provokes Revenge from Hell,
130 But he’s a bolder man who dares be well.
Her ev’ry turn with Violence pursu’d,
Nor more a storm her Hate than Gratitude:
To that each Passion turns, or soon or late;
Love, if it makes her yield, must make her hate:
135 Superiors? death! and Equals? what a curse!
But an Inferior not dependant? worse.
Offend her, and she knows not to forgive;
Oblige her, and she’ll hate you while you live:
But die, and she’ll adore you—Then the Bust
140 And Temple rise—then fall again to dust.
Last night, her Lord was all that’s good and great;
A Knave this morning, and his Will a Cheat.
Strange! by the Means defeated of the Ends,
By Spirit robb’d of Pow’r, by Warmth of Friends,
145 By Wealth of Followers! without one distress
Sick of herself thro’ very selfishness!
Atossa, curs’d with ev’ry granted pray’r,
Childless with all her Children, wants an Heir.
To Heirs unknown descends th’ unguarded store,
150 Or wanders, Heav’n-directed, to the Poor.
 
Pictures like these, dear Madam, to design,
Asks no firm hand, and no unerring line;
Some wandering touches, some reflected light,
Some flying stroke alone can hit ’em right:
155 For how should equal Colours do the knack?
Chameleons who can paint in white and black?
 
“Yet Chloe sure was form’d without a spot—”
Nature in her then err’d not, but forgot.
“With ev’ry pleasing, ev’ry prudent part,
160 Say, what can Chloe want?”—She wants a Heart.
She speaks, behaves, and acts just as she ought;
But never, never, reach’d one gen’rous Thought.
Virtue she finds too painful an endeavour,
Content to dwell in Decencies for ever.
165 So very reasonable, so unmov’d,
As never yet to love, or to be lov’d.
She, while her Lover pants upon her breast,
Can mark the figures on an Indian chest;
And when she sees her Friend in deep despair,
170 Observes how much a Chintz exceeds Mohair.
Forbid it Heav’n, a Favour or a Debt
She e’er should cancel—but she may forget.
Safe is your Secret still in Chloe’s ear;
But none of Chloe’s shall you ever hear.
175 Of all her Dears she never slander’d one,
But cares not if a thousand are undone.
Would Chloe know if you’re alive or dead?
She bids her Footman put it in her head.
Chloe is prudent—Would you too be wise?
180 Then never break your heart when Chloe dies.
 
One certain Portrait may (I grant) be seen,
Which Heav’n has varnish’d out, and made a Queen:
The same for ever! and describ’d by all
With Truth and Goodness, as with Crown and Ball.
185 Poets heap Virtues, Painters Gems at will,
And show their zeal, and hide their want° of skill. lack

’tis well—but, Artists! who can paint or write,
To draw the Naked is your true delight.
That robe of Quality so struts and swells,
190 None see what Parts of Nature it conceals:
Th’ exactest traits of Body or of Mind,
We owe to models of an humble kind.
If Queensbury to strip there’s no compelling,
’tis from a Handmaid we must take a Helen.
195 From Peer or Bishop ’tis no easy thing
To draw the man who loves his God, or King:
Alas! I copy (or my draught would fail)
From honest Mah’met, or plain Parson Hale.
 
But grant, in Public Men sometimes are shown,
200 A Woman’s seen in Private life alone:
Our bolder Talents in full light displayed;
Your Virtues open fairest in the shade.
Bred to disguise, in Public ’tis you hide;
There, none distinguish twixt your Shame or Pride,
205 Weakness or Delicacy; all so nice,
That each may seem a Virtue, or a Vice.
 
In Men, we various Ruling Passions° find; emotions
In Women, two almost divide the kind;
Those, only fix’d, they first or last obey,
210 The Love of Pleasure, and the Love of Sway.° power
 
That,° Nature gives; and where the lesson taught (refers to love of pleasure)
Is but to please, can Pleasure seem a fault?
Experience, this;° by Man’s oppression curst, (refers to love of power)
They seek the second not to lose the first.
 
215 Men, some to Business, some to pleasure take;
But ev’ry Woman is at heart a Rake:° immoral man
Men, some to Quiet, some to public Strife;
But ev’ry Lady would be Queen for life.
 
Yet mark the fate of a whole Sex of Queens!
220 Pow’r all their end, but Beauty all the means:
In Youth they conquer, with so wild a rage,
As leaves them scarce a subject in their Age:
For foreign glory, foreign joy, they roam;
No thought of peace or happiness at home.
225 But Wisdom’s triumph is a well-tim’d Retreat,
As hard a science to the Fair as Great!
Beauties, like Tyrants, old and friendless grown,
Yet hate repose, and dread to be alone,
Worn out in public, weary ev’ry eye,
230 Nor leave one sigh behind them when they die.
 
Pleasures the sex,° as children Birds, pursue, women
Still out of reach, yet never out of view;
Sure, if they catch, to spoil the Toy at most,
To covet flying, and regret when lost:
235 At last, to follies Youth could scarce defend,
It grows their Age’s prudence to pretend;
Asham’d to own they gave delight before,
Reduc’d to feign it, when they give no more:
As Hags hold Sabbaths, less for joy than spite,
240 So these their merry, miserable Night;
Still round and round the Ghosts of Beauty glide,
And haunt the places where their Honour died.
 
See how the World its Veterans rewards!
A Youth of Frolics, an old Age of Cards;
245 Fair to no purpose, artful° to no end, skillful
Young without Lovers, old without a Friend;
A Fop their Passion, but their Prize a Sot;
Alive, ridiculous, and dead, forgot!
 
Ah Friend! to dazzle let the Vain design;
250 To raise the Thought, and touch the Heart be thine!
That Charm shall grow, while what fatigues the Ring,
Flaunts and goes down, an unregarded thing:
So when the Sun’s broad beam has tir’d the sight,
All mild ascends the Moon’s more sober light,
255 Serene in Virgin Modesty she shines,
And unobserv’d the glaring Orb declines.
 
Oh! blest with Temper, whose unclouded ray
Can make tomorrow cheerful as today;
She, who can love a Sister’s charms, or hear
260 Sighs for a Daughter with unwounded ear;
She, who ne’er answers till a Husband cools,
Or, if she rules him, never shows she rules;
Charms by accepting, by submitting sways,° influences
Yet has her humour most, when she obeys;
265 Let Fops or Fortune fly which way they will;
Disdains all loss of Tickets, or Codille;° a card game
Spleen,° Vapours,° or Smallpox, above them all, depression — moodiness
And Mistress of herself, though China° fall. plates
 
And yet, believe me, good as well as ill,
270 Woman’s at best a Contradiction still.
Heav’n, when it strives to polish all it can
Its last best work, but forms a softer Man;
Picks from each sex, to make the Favorite blest,
Your love of Pleasure, our desire of Rest:
275 Blends, in exception to all general rules,
Your Taste of Follies, with our Scorn of Fools:
Reserve with Frankness, Art with Truth ally’d,
Courage with Softness, Modesty with Pride;
Fix’d Principles, with Fancy ever new;
280 Shakes all together, and produces—You.
 
Be this a Woman’s Fame: with this unblest,
Toasts° live a scorn, and Queens may die a jest. beautiful women
This Phoebus° promis’d (I forget the year) Apollo
When those blue eyes first open’d on the sphere;
285 Ascendant Phoebus watch’d that hour with care,
Averted half your Parents’ simple Pray’r;
And gave you Beauty, but deny’d the Pelf
That buys your sex° a Tyrant o’er itself. women
The generous God, who Wit and Gold refines,
290 And ripens Spirits as he ripens Mines,
Kept Dross for Duchesses, the world shall know it,
To you gave Sense, Good Humour, and a Poet.

This text has been prepared by Jack Lynch. You’re welcome to use it for non-exclusive and nonprofit purposes.